VICTORIA MEMORIAL
The Victoria Memorial could be a giant marble building in Kolkata , state, Asian nation that was designed between 1906 and 1921. it's dedicated to the memory of Empress (1819–1901) and is currently adepository and holidaymaker destination below the auspices of the Ministry of Culture. The Memorial lies on the Maidan (grounds) by the bank of the Hooghly watercourse, close to national leader road.In Jan 1901, on the death of Empress, Saint George Curzon, first Marquess Curzon of Kedleston and Viceroy of Asian nation, prompt the creation of a fitting memorial. He projected the development of a grand building with a depositoryand gardens Curzon aforesaid,
"Let us, therefore, have a building, stately, spacious, monumental and grand, to which each and every newcomer inCalcutta can flip, to that all the resident population, European and Native, will flock, wherever all categories can learnthe teachings of history, and see revived before their eyes the marvels of the past."The blue blood of Wales, later King King of England, arranged the muse stone on four Jan 1906 and it had beenformally opened to the general public in 1921. In 1912, before the Victoria Memorial was finished, King King of England proclaimed the transfer of the capital of Asian nation from Calcutta to capital of India. Thus, the Victoria Memorial was inbuilt what would be a provincial town instead of a capital.
The Victoria Memorial was funded by several Indian states, people of country rule and also the British government in London. The princes and folks of Asian nation responded liberally to Curzon's charm for funds and also the totalvalue of construction of this monument amounting to 1 large integer, 5 lakhs of rupees, was entirely derived from their voluntary subscriptions[10]
The Victoria Memorial's creator was William writer (1843–1924), president of the Royal Institute of British Architects. the planning is within the Indo-Saracenic preacher man vogue. This vogue uses a mix of British and Mughalcomponents also as Venetian, Egyptian, Deccani and Islamic field influences. The building is 338 feet (103 m) by 228 feet (69 m) and rises to a height of 184 feet (56 m). it's created of white Makrana marble.[14] The gardens of the Victoria Memorial were designed by Lord Redesdale and David Prain. Emerson's assistant, Vincent J. Esch designed the bridge of the north side and also the garden gates.
Emerson was a pupil of William Burges Associate in Nursingd an field theorizer.He 1st visited Asian nation inconcerning 1860. writer designed the Crawford Market, Mumbai (1865);[15] the All Saints Cathedral, Allahabad (1871);and naturalist faculty (1873)writer affected to the princely state of Bhavnagar, Gujrat and designed the Takhtsingji Hospital and also the Nilambagh Palace. There, he learned to incorporate Hindu field components in his works.
In 1899, Esch was appointed assistant engineer at the geographical region Nagpur Railway, employment that gave himabundant sensible expertise in large-scale construction and costings.In 1902, writer engaged Esch to sketch his original style for the Victoria
Memorial. when coming up with the temporary exhibition building for the metropolisroom of 1903, Curzon found Esch to be an appropriate assistant for writer. Esch had conjointly won a contest to style the geographical region Club building at Chowringhee and also the Bengal-Napur Railway head edifice at Garden Reach.The Victoria Memorial encompasses a range of galleries, 25 in all.These embody the royal gallery, the national leaders gallery, the portrait gallery, central hall, the sculpture gallery, the arms and armoury gallery and also the newer,Calcutta gallery. The Victoria Memorial has the biggest single assortment of the works of Thomas Daniell (1749–1840) and his kinsman, William Daniell (1769–1837).[23] The Victoria Memorial conjointly encompasses a assortment of rare and antiquarian books like the illustrated works of Shakespeare, the Arabian Nights and also the Rubaiyat by Omar Khayyam also as books concerning kathak dance and thumri music by Wazid Ali sovereign. However, the galleries and their exhibitions, the programmatic components of the Memorial don't contend with the strictly field areas or voids.The Royal Gallery displays variety of portraits of Victoria and blue blood Albert Francis Charles Augustus Emmanuel and, paintings illustrating their lives, by theologist and Winterhalter. The paintings ar copies of these in London. They embody Victoria receiving the religious ritual at her enthronization in Westminster Abbey (June 1838); Victoria's wedding to Albert Francis Charles Augustus Emmanuel within the Chapel Royal at St. James' Palace (1840); the baptism of the blue blood of Wales in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle (1842); the wedding of the blue blood of Wales (Edward VII) to aristocrat Alexandra (1863); Victoria at the primary day of remembrance service at Westminster Abbey (1887) and also the Second day of remembrance service at St. Paul's Cathedral (June 1897). Victoria's childhood rosewood percussive instrument and her correspondence table from Windsor Castle exchange the centre of the area.King of England conferred this stuff to the Victoria Memorial. On the south wall hangs the Russian creator, Vasily Vereshchagin's oil painting of the state entry of King of England, (then blue blood of Wales), into Jaipur in 1876.
CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI TERMINUS
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus at one time Victoria Terminus (VT), could be aassociated Cultural Organization|UNESCO|United Nations agency|UN agency} World Heritage web site and an historic train station in city, Asian country that is the headquarters of the Central Railways. Designed by ElectorStevens with influences from Victorian Italianate Gothic Revival design and ancient Mughal buildings, the station wasin-built 1887 within the Bori Bunder space of Mumbai to commemorate the Golden anniversary of Queen Victoria. The new train station was designed on the placement of the Bori Bunder Station[3] and is that the busiest train station inAsian country,[4] serving as a terminal for each long-distance trains and commuter trains of the city residential areaRailway. The station's name was modified to its gift one in March 1996 and it's currently celebrated merely as CST (or CSTM).
Bori Bunder (alternatively "Bori Bandar") was one in every of the areas on the jap shore line of city, Asian country thatwas used as a entrepot for product foreign and exported from city. within the area's name, 'Bori' means that sack and 'Bandar' means that port or haven (in Persian); therefore Bori Bunder virtually means that square measurea} whereversacks are hold on. within the decennary, the nice Indian ground Railway designed its railway terminus during this spaceand also the station took its name as Bori Bunder. On sixteen Apr 1853 the nice Asian countryn land Railway operated the historic 1st railroad train in India from Bori Bunder to Thane covering a distance of thirty four klick (21 mi), formally heralding the birth of the Indian Railways. The train between Bori Bunder and Thane was fifty seven minutesit had been a distance of thirty five klick (22 mi) apart.The station was eventually remodeled because the Victoria Terminus, named when the then regnant Queen, and has been afterward renamed Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CSTM) when Maharashtra's and India's nice known 17th-century king. The shortened name is currently CST.The station was designed by the consulting British creator Elector Stevens (1848-1900). Work began in 1878. He received INR1614000 (US$27,000) because the payment for his services.Stevens attained the commission to construct the station when a masterpiece watercolour sketch by draftsperson Axel Haig.the ultimate style bears somelikeness to the St Pancras train station in London GG Scott's plans for Berlin's parliament building had beenrevealed four years before, and additionally has marked similarities to the station's style]Crawford market is additionally placed close to CSTM.It took 10 years to complete and was named "Victoria Terminus" in honour of the Queen and Emperor Victoria; it had been opened on the date of her Golden anniversary in 1887. It value £260,000 once it had been finished in 1888, the very best for any building of that era in Mumbai. This known field landmark during a Gothic-revival voguewas designed because the headquarters of the nice Indian ground Railway. Since then, the station came to be referred to as Mumbai Vermont.(Railway code-BBVT)
Originally meant solely to accommodate the most station and also the body offices of the nice Indian land Railway,variety of subsidiary buildings are additional afterward, all designed therefore on harmonise with the most structure. a brand new station to handle itinerary traffic was erected in 1929. the initial building continues to be in use to handleresidential area traffic and is employed by over 3 million commuters daily. it's additionally the executive headquarters of the Central Railway.
The station building is intended within the High Victorian Gothic sort of design. The building exhibits a fusion of influences from Victorian Italianate
GothicRevival design and ancient Indian design. The skyline, turrets, pointed arches, and eccentric floor plan area unit near ancient Indian palace design. Externally, the wood carving, tiles,decorative iron and brass railings, grills for the price ticket offices, the balustrades for the grand staircases andalternative ornaments were the work of scholars at the Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy college of Art. The station stands as ANexample of nineteenth century railway field marvels for its advanced structural and technical solutions.
he CST was created exploitation high level of engineering each in terms of railway engineering and engineering. it'sone in every of the primary and is taken into account mutually of the best merchandise of the utilization of businessrevolution technology unified with revival of the Gothic Revival vogue In Asian country . The centrally roundedworkplace structure contains a 330 feet long platform connected to a one,200 feet long train shed, and its defineprovides the skeleton arrange for building. CST's dome of dovetailed ribs, designed while not centering, was thought of as a completely unique action of the time. the inside of the building was formed as a series of enormous rooms with high ceilings. it's a utilitarian building and has had numerous changes needed by the users, not invariably sympathetic.it's a C-shaped arrange that is symmetrical on AN east-west axis. All the perimeters of the building area unit given equal worth within the style. it's topped by a high central dome, that acts because the attentiveness. The dome is ANpolygonal shape ribbed structure with a huge feminine figure symbolising Progress, holding a torch inform upwards in her right and a spoked wheel in her hand. The aspect wings enclose the yard, that opens on to the road. The wings area unit anchored by monumental turrets at every of their four corners, that balance and frame the central dome. The façades gift the looks of well proportioned rows of windows and arches. The ornamentation within the type of statuary, bas-reliefs, and friezes is exuberant nevertheless well controlled. The columns of the doorway gates area unit topped by figures of a lion (representing nice Britain) and a tiger (representing India). the most structure is constructed from a mixof Asian country arenaceous rock and sedimentary rock, whereas high-quality Italian marble was used for the keyornamental parts. the most interiors are decorated: the bottom floor of the North Wing, referred to as the court, thatcontinues to be used because the booking workplace, is embellished with Italian marble and polished Indian blue stone. The stone arches area unit lined with graven foliage and grotesques.
Internally, the ceiling of the booking hall was originally painted blue, gold and powerful red on a ground of wealthyblue with gold stars. Its walls were lined with glazed tiles created by cakehole & Co of england.Outside, there area unit statues representing Commerce, Agriculture, Engineering and Science, with a sculpture representing Progress on the central dome of the station.A sculpture of Queen Victoria below the central dome has been removed.
CST has eighteen platforms - seven area unit for locals trains and eleven area unit for long distance.Rumours persist that the look for Chhatrapat Shivaji Terminus in city was originally selected for Flinders Street Station. However, no convincing proof, apart from field similarities to alternative buildings in their several cities, has been made to support the rumour.Plans area unit afoot to upgrade city CST (along with Pune Jn. and Nagpur) by means that of a public-private partnership.
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| VICTORIAL MEMORIAL HALL |
The Victoria Memorial could be a giant marble building in Kolkata , state, Asian nation that was designed between 1906 and 1921. it's dedicated to the memory of Empress (1819–1901) and is currently adepository and holidaymaker destination below the auspices of the Ministry of Culture. The Memorial lies on the Maidan (grounds) by the bank of the Hooghly watercourse, close to national leader road.In Jan 1901, on the death of Empress, Saint George Curzon, first Marquess Curzon of Kedleston and Viceroy of Asian nation, prompt the creation of a fitting memorial. He projected the development of a grand building with a depositoryand gardens Curzon aforesaid,
"Let us, therefore, have a building, stately, spacious, monumental and grand, to which each and every newcomer inCalcutta can flip, to that all the resident population, European and Native, will flock, wherever all categories can learnthe teachings of history, and see revived before their eyes the marvels of the past."The blue blood of Wales, later King King of England, arranged the muse stone on four Jan 1906 and it had beenformally opened to the general public in 1921. In 1912, before the Victoria Memorial was finished, King King of England proclaimed the transfer of the capital of Asian nation from Calcutta to capital of India. Thus, the Victoria Memorial was inbuilt what would be a provincial town instead of a capital.
The Victoria Memorial was funded by several Indian states, people of country rule and also the British government in London. The princes and folks of Asian nation responded liberally to Curzon's charm for funds and also the totalvalue of construction of this monument amounting to 1 large integer, 5 lakhs of rupees, was entirely derived from their voluntary subscriptions[10]
The Victoria Memorial's creator was William writer (1843–1924), president of the Royal Institute of British Architects. the planning is within the Indo-Saracenic preacher man vogue. This vogue uses a mix of British and Mughalcomponents also as Venetian, Egyptian, Deccani and Islamic field influences. The building is 338 feet (103 m) by 228 feet (69 m) and rises to a height of 184 feet (56 m). it's created of white Makrana marble.[14] The gardens of the Victoria Memorial were designed by Lord Redesdale and David Prain. Emerson's assistant, Vincent J. Esch designed the bridge of the north side and also the garden gates.
Emerson was a pupil of William Burges Associate in Nursingd an field theorizer.He 1st visited Asian nation inconcerning 1860. writer designed the Crawford Market, Mumbai (1865);[15] the All Saints Cathedral, Allahabad (1871);and naturalist faculty (1873)writer affected to the princely state of Bhavnagar, Gujrat and designed the Takhtsingji Hospital and also the Nilambagh Palace. There, he learned to incorporate Hindu field components in his works.
In 1899, Esch was appointed assistant engineer at the geographical region Nagpur Railway, employment that gave himabundant sensible expertise in large-scale construction and costings.In 1902, writer engaged Esch to sketch his original style for the Victoria
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| VICTORIA MEMORIAL QUEEN |
CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI TERMINUS
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| CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI |
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus at one time Victoria Terminus (VT), could be aassociated Cultural Organization|UNESCO|United Nations agency|UN agency} World Heritage web site and an historic train station in city, Asian country that is the headquarters of the Central Railways. Designed by ElectorStevens with influences from Victorian Italianate Gothic Revival design and ancient Mughal buildings, the station wasin-built 1887 within the Bori Bunder space of Mumbai to commemorate the Golden anniversary of Queen Victoria. The new train station was designed on the placement of the Bori Bunder Station[3] and is that the busiest train station inAsian country,[4] serving as a terminal for each long-distance trains and commuter trains of the city residential areaRailway. The station's name was modified to its gift one in March 1996 and it's currently celebrated merely as CST (or CSTM).
Bori Bunder (alternatively "Bori Bandar") was one in every of the areas on the jap shore line of city, Asian country thatwas used as a entrepot for product foreign and exported from city. within the area's name, 'Bori' means that sack and 'Bandar' means that port or haven (in Persian); therefore Bori Bunder virtually means that square measurea} whereversacks are hold on. within the decennary, the nice Indian ground Railway designed its railway terminus during this spaceand also the station took its name as Bori Bunder. On sixteen Apr 1853 the nice Asian countryn land Railway operated the historic 1st railroad train in India from Bori Bunder to Thane covering a distance of thirty four klick (21 mi), formally heralding the birth of the Indian Railways. The train between Bori Bunder and Thane was fifty seven minutesit had been a distance of thirty five klick (22 mi) apart.The station was eventually remodeled because the Victoria Terminus, named when the then regnant Queen, and has been afterward renamed Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CSTM) when Maharashtra's and India's nice known 17th-century king. The shortened name is currently CST.The station was designed by the consulting British creator Elector Stevens (1848-1900). Work began in 1878. He received INR1614000 (US$27,000) because the payment for his services.Stevens attained the commission to construct the station when a masterpiece watercolour sketch by draftsperson Axel Haig.the ultimate style bears somelikeness to the St Pancras train station in London GG Scott's plans for Berlin's parliament building had beenrevealed four years before, and additionally has marked similarities to the station's style]Crawford market is additionally placed close to CSTM.It took 10 years to complete and was named "Victoria Terminus" in honour of the Queen and Emperor Victoria; it had been opened on the date of her Golden anniversary in 1887. It value £260,000 once it had been finished in 1888, the very best for any building of that era in Mumbai. This known field landmark during a Gothic-revival voguewas designed because the headquarters of the nice Indian ground Railway. Since then, the station came to be referred to as Mumbai Vermont.(Railway code-BBVT)
Originally meant solely to accommodate the most station and also the body offices of the nice Indian land Railway,variety of subsidiary buildings are additional afterward, all designed therefore on harmonise with the most structure. a brand new station to handle itinerary traffic was erected in 1929. the initial building continues to be in use to handleresidential area traffic and is employed by over 3 million commuters daily. it's additionally the executive headquarters of the Central Railway.
The station building is intended within the High Victorian Gothic sort of design. The building exhibits a fusion of influences from Victorian Italianate
 |
| CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI |
he CST was created exploitation high level of engineering each in terms of railway engineering and engineering. it'sone in every of the primary and is taken into account mutually of the best merchandise of the utilization of businessrevolution technology unified with revival of the Gothic Revival vogue In Asian country . The centrally roundedworkplace structure contains a 330 feet long platform connected to a one,200 feet long train shed, and its defineprovides the skeleton arrange for building. CST's dome of dovetailed ribs, designed while not centering, was thought of as a completely unique action of the time. the inside of the building was formed as a series of enormous rooms with high ceilings. it's a utilitarian building and has had numerous changes needed by the users, not invariably sympathetic.it's a C-shaped arrange that is symmetrical on AN east-west axis. All the perimeters of the building area unit given equal worth within the style. it's topped by a high central dome, that acts because the attentiveness. The dome is ANpolygonal shape ribbed structure with a huge feminine figure symbolising Progress, holding a torch inform upwards in her right and a spoked wheel in her hand. The aspect wings enclose the yard, that opens on to the road. The wings area unit anchored by monumental turrets at every of their four corners, that balance and frame the central dome. The façades gift the looks of well proportioned rows of windows and arches. The ornamentation within the type of statuary, bas-reliefs, and friezes is exuberant nevertheless well controlled. The columns of the doorway gates area unit topped by figures of a lion (representing nice Britain) and a tiger (representing India). the most structure is constructed from a mixof Asian country arenaceous rock and sedimentary rock, whereas high-quality Italian marble was used for the keyornamental parts. the most interiors are decorated: the bottom floor of the North Wing, referred to as the court, thatcontinues to be used because the booking workplace, is embellished with Italian marble and polished Indian blue stone. The stone arches area unit lined with graven foliage and grotesques.
Internally, the ceiling of the booking hall was originally painted blue, gold and powerful red on a ground of wealthyblue with gold stars. Its walls were lined with glazed tiles created by cakehole & Co of england.Outside, there area unit statues representing Commerce, Agriculture, Engineering and Science, with a sculpture representing Progress on the central dome of the station.A sculpture of Queen Victoria below the central dome has been removed.
CST has eighteen platforms - seven area unit for locals trains and eleven area unit for long distance.Rumours persist that the look for Chhatrapat Shivaji Terminus in city was originally selected for Flinders Street Station. However, no convincing proof, apart from field similarities to alternative buildings in their several cities, has been made to support the rumour.Plans area unit afoot to upgrade city CST (along with Pune Jn. and Nagpur) by means that of a public-private partnership.
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