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LUCKNOW

LUCKNOW

Lucknow  is that the capital town of the state of Uttar Pradesh, India serious metropolitan town of Asian nation, Lucknow is that the bodyheadquarters of the name District and Division.[7] it's the eleventh most thickly settled town ofAsian nation and also the most thickly settled in Uttar Pradesh, serving to to form the latter the foremost thickly settled state in Asian nation. Lucknow has forever been called a school of thought town that flourished as a North Indian cultural and inventive hub and seat of nabob powerwithin the eighteenth and nineteenth centuriesIt continues to be a crucial centre of presidency, education, commerce, aerospace, finance, prescribed drugs, technology, design, culture, tourism, music and poetThe city stands at associate degree elevation of roughly 123 metres (404 ft) on top of water leveland covers a part of two,528 sq. kilometres (976 sq mi). delimited on the east by the Barabanki District, on the west by Unnao District, on the south by Raebareli and within the north by Sitapur and Hardoi, Lucknow sits on the northwestern shore of the Gomti watercourse. Hindi is that the main language of town and Urdu is additionally wide spoken. it's accessible from each a part of Asian nation by air, rail and road.Historically the capital of Awadh and controlled by the Old Delhi land beneath Mughal rule, it absolutely was later transferred to the Nawabs of Awadh. when Lord Clive's defeat of thegeographical area, Awadh and Mughal Nawabs it fell beneath the rule of the archipelagoCompany with management transferred to a people dominion in 1857 along side the remainder of Asian nation, Lucknow became freelance from United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on fifteen August 1947."Lucknow" is that the anglicized writing system of the native pronunciation "lakhnau". in keeping with one legend, town is called when Lakshmana, a hero of the traditional Hindu epic Ramayana. The legend states that Lakshman had a palace or a estate within the space, that was known asLakshmanapura ("Lakshmana's city"). The settlement came to be called Lakhanpur (or Lachhmanpur) by the eleventh century, and later, Lucknow.] an identical theory states thattown was called "Lakshmanavati" when Lakshmana. The name modified to Lakhanavati, then Lakhnauti and eventually Lakhnau.one more theory states that the city's name is connected with Lakshmi, the Hindu divinity of wealth. it absolutely was originally called Lakshmanavati ("fortunate"). Over time, the name modified as folloThere aren't any accounts of once the fashionable name (Lucknow or Lakhnau) was initial usedIbn Battuta, in his

RESIDENCY AT LUCKNOW

writings throughout 1338-41, mentions the city as "Alakhnau", once it absolutely was a region of the Muhammad bin Tughluq's empire. Abdul Halim Sharar, in his book Guzishta Lucknow, mentions that the current name of town wasn't in use before Akbar's reignFrom 1350 atomic number 58 forrader, Lucknow and elements of the Awadh region weredominated by the Old Delhi land, Sharqi land, Mughal Empire, Nawabs of Awadh, a peoplearchipelago Company (EIC) and also the British dominion. Lucknow was one among the foremost centres of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and took part actively in India's independence movement, rising as a strategically necessary North Indian town. Until 1719, the subah of Awadh was a province of the Mughal Empire administered by a Governor appointed by the Emperor. Persian adventurer Saadat Khan, additionally known as Burhan-ul-Mulk, was appointed nizam of Awadh in 1722 and established his court in Faizabad, close to Lucknow.For concerning cardinal years (from 1394 to 1478), Awadh was a part of the Sharqi land of Jaunpur. Emperor Humayun created it a region of the Mughal Empire around 1555. throughoutEmperor Jahangir's rule, he granted associate degree estate in Awadh to Lord, ruler Abdul Rahim,WHO had won his favour. ruler Abdul Rahim later designed Machchi Bhawan on this estate, thatlater became the seat of power from wherever his descendants, the Sheikhzadas, controlled the region.The Nawabs of Lucknow, really the Nawabs of Awadh, nonheritable the name when the reign of the third nabob once Lucknow became their capital. town became North India's cultural capital, and its nawabs, best remembered for his or her refined and indulgent lifestyles, were patrons of the humanities. beneath their dominion, music and dance flourished, and construction of diversemonuments materialized. Of the monuments standing these days, the Bara Imambara, the Chota Imambara, and also the Rumi Darwaza area unit notable examples. one among the lasting contributions by the Nawabs is that the region's syncretic Hindu–Muslim culture that has return to be called the Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb.]Many freelance kingdoms, like Awadh, were establishedonce the Mughal Empire disintegrated. The third nabob, Shuja-ud-Daula, fell out with a peoplewhen aiding the fugitive nabob of geographical area, Mir Qasim. He was flat out defeated at the Battle of Buxar by the EIC, that forced him to pay serious penalties and surrender elements of his territory.Awadh's capital, Lucknow rose to prominence once Asaf-ud-Daula, the fourth nabob, shifted his court to town from Faizabad in 1775.[25] a people appointed a resident in 1773 and over time gained management of a lot of territory and authority within the state. They were, however,indisposed to capture Awadh outright and are available face to face with the

GOMTI RIVER

Marathas and also the remnants of the Mughal Empire. In 1798, the fifth nabob Wazir Ali Khan alienated each his folksand also the British, and was forced to renounce. a people then helped Saadat Ali Khan take the throne.He became a puppet king, and in an exceedingly accord of 1801, yielded 1/2 Awadh to the EIC whereas additionally agreeing to disband his own troops in favor of a vastly big-ticket, British-controlled army. This accord effectively created the state of Awadh a liegeman of the EIC,though it continued to be a part of the Mughal Empire in name only till 1819. The accord of 1801evidenced a useful arrangement for the EIC as they gained access to Awadh's Brobdingnagiantreasuries, repeatedly dig into them for loans at reduced rates. additionally, the revenues from running Awadh's defense force brought them helpful returns whereas the territory acted as a state. The Nawabs were ceremonial kings, busy with eclat and show however with very little influence over matters of state. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, a people had fully grown impatient with the arrangement and demanded direct management over Awadh.In 1856 the EIC initial emotional its troops to the border, then annexed the state beneath thephilosophical system of lapse. Awadh was placed beneath a chief commissioner – Sir Henry Lawrence. Wajid Ali sovereign, the then nabob, was jailed then exiled by the EIC to city.]within the ensuant Indian Rebellion of 1857, his 14-year-old son Birjis Qadra, whose mother wasMuhammedan Hazrat Mahal, was topped ruler however later killed by Sir Henry Lawrence. Following the rebellion's defeat, Muhammedan Hazrat Mahal and different rebel leaders sought-after asylum in Nepal.During the Rebellion (also called the primary War of Indian Independence and also the Indian Mutiny), the bulk of the EIC's troops were recruited from each the folks and nobility of Awadh. The rebels took management of the state, and it took a people eighteen months to retake the region.throughout that amount, the garrison based mostly at the Residency in Lucknow was enclosedby rebel forces throughout the beleaguering of Lucknow. The beleaguering was alleviated initialby forces beneath the command of Sir Henry cloth covering and Sir James Outram, followed by a stronger force beneath Sir Colin Campbell. Today, the ruins of the Residency and also thesufferer Smarak provide associate degree insight into Lucknow's role within the events of 1857.With the rebellion over, Oudh came to British governance beneath a chief commissioner. In 1877 the offices of lieutenant-governor of the North-Western Provinces and chief commissioner of Oudh were combined; then in 1902, the title of chief commissioner was born with the formation of the United Provinces

BADA LMAMBARA

of metropolis and Oudh, though Oudh still maintained some marks of its former independence.The Khilafat Movement had a lively base of support in Lucknow, making united opposition to British rule. In 1901, when remaining the capital of Oudh since 1775, Lucknow, with a population of 264,049, was incorporated into the recently fashioned United Provinces of metropolis and Oudh. In 1920 the provincial seat of presidency emotional from Allahabad to Lucknow. Upon Indian independence in 1947, the United Provinces were organized into the state of Uttar Pradesh, and Lucknow remained its capital]Lucknow includes a total of solely four.66 p.c of forest, that is way but the state average of around seven p.cshisham, dhak, mahuamm, babul, neem, peepal, ashok, khajur, mango and gular trees area unit all fully grown here.Different styles of mangoes, particularly Dasheri, area unit fully grown within the Malihabad block of the district for export the most crops area unit wheat, paddy, sugarcane, mustard, potatoes, and vegetables like cauliflower, cabbage, tomato, and brinjals area unit fully grown here. Similarly, sunflowers, roses, and marigolds area unit cultivated over a reasonably extesive space.several medicative and seasoner plants {are also|also area unit|are} fully grown here whereascommon Indian Monkeys are found in patches in and around town forests like liliopsid genusBagh.The Lucknow zoological garden, one among the oldest within the country, was established in 1921. It homes a chic assortment of animals from Asia and different continents. townadditionally includes a installation, that may be a zone of wide plant diversity.The major industries within the Lucknow Urban Agglomeration embody physical science, machine tools, still chemicals, furnishings and Chikan embroidery.Lucknow is additionally a serious centre for analysis and development as home to thedistinguished R&D centres of the National Milk Grid of the National dairy farm Development Board, the Central Institute of Medical and Aromatic Plants, the National loom Development Corporation and U.P. Export Corporation.Ranked sixth in an exceedingly list of the 10 quickest growing job-creating cities in Asian nationin keeping with a study conducted by Assocham Placement Pattern Lucknow's economy waserstwhile supported the tertiary sector and also the majority of the men were utilized as government servants. Large-scale industrial institutions area unit few compared to different north Indian state capitals like New Delhi. presently the economy is growing with contributions from the fields of IT, producing and process and medical/bio-technology. Business-promotingestablishments like the CII and EDII have started their service centers within the town.Lucknow may be a growing IT hub with numerous package and IT corporations resident within the town. Tata practice Services is one among the foremost corporations with its field in Gomti Nagar, that is also the second largest such institution iunitseveral native open supply technology corporations like Medma Infomatix. town isadditionally home to variety of necessary national and state level headquarters for corporationstogether with Sony Corporation and Reliance Retail. A sprawling one hundred ac ITtown is planned by the authorities at the Chak Ganjaria farms web site on the road to Sultanpurand that they have already approved SEZ standing to the project, that is predicted to makethousands of job opportunities within the state.
The city has huge potential within the handicrafts sector and accounts for hr of total exports from the state.Major export things area unit marble product, handicrafts, art pieces, gems, jewellery, textiles, physical science, package product, computers, hardware product, apparel, brass product, silk, animal skin product, glass things and chemicals. Lucknow has promoted public‐private partnerships in an exceedingly major method in sectors like electricity provide, roads, expressways, and academic ventures.To promote the textile trade within the town, the Indian Government has allotted Rs.200 large integer ($2000 million) rupees to line up a textile business cluster within the town.Lucknow's buildings show completely different forms of design with the bulk designedthroughout British or Mughal rule. quite 1/2 these buildings consist the recent a part of town. TheUttar Pradesh business Department organizes a "Heritage Walk" for tourists covering the favoredmonuments.Among the existent design there area unit spiritual buildings like Imambaras, mosques, from numerous cultures will be seen within the historical places of Lucknow. The University of Lucknow shows an enormous inspiration from the ecu vogue whereasIndo-Saracenic Revival design is conspicuously gift within the Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha building and Charbagh railroad station. Dilkusha Kothi is that the remains of a palace made by a people resident Major Gore Ouseley around 1800 associate degreed showcases an example of English Baroque design. It served as a lodge for the nabob of Awadhs and as a summer resort.The Chattar Manzil, that served because the palace for the rulers of Awadh associate degreed their wives is flat-topped by an umbrella-like dome then named on account of Chattar being the Hindi word for "umbrella". Opposite Chattar Manzil stands the 'Lal Baradari' designed by nabobSaadat Ali Khan I between 1789 and 1814. It functioned as a throne area at coronations for the royal courts. The building is currently used as a repository and contains fine dead portraits of men WHOcontend major roles within the administration of the dominion of Oudh.Another example of mixed bailiwick designs is La Martiniere faculty, that shows a fusion of Indian and European concepts. it absolutely was designed by general officer Claude Martin WHO was born in city and died in Lucknow on thirteen Sep 1800. Originally named "Constantia", the ceilings of the building area unit vaulted with no wood beams used for construction. Glimpses of Gothicmay be seen within the faculty building.

AMBEDKAR MEMORIAL