The
Taj Mahal is an ivory-white marble
mausoleum on the south bank of the
Yamuna river in the Indian city of
Agra. It was commissioned in 1632 by the
Mughal emperor,
Shah Jahan , to house the tomb of his favorite wife,
Mumtaz Mahal. The tomb is the centrepiece of a 42-acre complex, which includes a
mosque and a guest house, and is set in formal gardens bounded on three sides by a
crenellated wall.
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Construction of the mausoleum was essentially completed in 1643 but work continued on other phases of the project for another 10 years. The Taj Mahal complex is believed to have been completed in its entirety in 1653 at a cost estimated at the time to be around 32 million
rupees, which in 2015 would be approximately 52.8 billion rupees . The construction project employed some 20,000 artisans under the guidance of a board of architects led by the court architect to the emperor,
Ustad Ahmad Lahauri.
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The Taj Mahal was designated as a UNESCO
World Heritage Site in 1983 for being "the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage". Described by Nobel laureate
Rabindranath Tagore as "the tear-drop on the cheek of time", it is regarded by many as the best example of
Mughal architecture and a symbol of India's rich history. The Taj Mahal attracts 7–8 million visitors a year. In 2007, it was declared a winner of the
New7Wonders of the World (2000–2007) initiative.
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