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Qutub Minar

Qutub Minar

The Qutub Minar (Hindi: कुतुब मिनार, Urdu: قطب مینار‎) may be a tower that forms an area of the Qutab complicated, a United Nations agency World Heritage website within the Mehrauli space of urban center, India. Qutub Minar may be a 73-metre (239.5 feet) tall tapering tower of {5} storeys, with a 14.3 metres (47 feet) base diameter, reducing to two.7 metres (9 feet) at the height. It contains a spiral stairway of 379 steps. Its style is assumed to possess been supported the tower of Jam, in western Asian country. Qutab Ud-Din-Aibak, founding father of the urban center country, started construction of the Qutub Minar's initial floor around 1192. In 1220, Aibak's successor and in-law Iltutmish completed an extra 3 storeys. In 1369, a lightning strike destroyed the highest floor. Firoz sovereign Tughlaq replaced the broken floor, and additional a new. It derived its name from the Sufi saint Qutubuddin Bakhtiyar Quaki whom Qutab Ud-Din-Aibak worshiped. The Minar is encircled by many traditionally important monuments of the Qutab complicated, together with Quwwat-ul-Islam masjid, that was engineered at identical time because the Minar, and therefore the abundant older Iron Pillar of urban center. 

The near  columned Cupola called "Smith's Folly" may be a remnant of the tower's nineteenth century restoration, including associate degree unadvised plan to add a sixth floor. Qutab Minar was established beside Quwwat-ul-Islam masjid around 1192 by Qutab-ud-din Aibak, initial ruler of the urban center country. The masjid complicated is one in every of the earliest that survives within the Indian landmass. The tower is called once Qutab-ud-din Aibak, or Qutabuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, a Sufi saint. Its ground floor was engineered over the ruins of the Lal Kot, the bastion of Dhillika. Aibak's successor Iltutmish additional 3 a lot of storeys. The minar's top floor was broken by lightning in 1369 and was restored by Firoz sovereign Tughlaq, UN agency additional another floor. In 1505, associate degree earthquake broken Qutub Minar; it had been repaired by Sikander Lodi. 

On one September 1803, a significant earthquake caused serious harm. Major Henry M. Robert Smith of the British Indian Army restored the tower in 1828 and put in a columned cupola over the fifth story, therefore making a sixth. The cupola was taken down in 1848, underneath directions from The Viscount Hardinge, then governor of Republic of India. it had been reinstalled at ground level to the east of Qutab Minar, wherever it remains. it's called "Smith's Folly". The tower's vogue is largely Iranian, tho' seemingly tabby on Afghanistan's tower of Jam, and tailored to native creative conventions by the incorporation of "looped bells and garlands and lotus borders into the carving". Aybak conjointly started Qutub Minar on the patterns of Iranian minarets however engineered by Hindus artisans. varied inscriptions in Parso-Arabic and syllabary characters in numerous sections of the Qutab Minar reveal the history of its construction, and therefore the later restorations and repairs by Firoz sovereign Tughluq (1351–89) and Sikandar Lodi (1489–1517). 

The tower has 5 superposed, tapering storeys. very cheap 3 comprise fluted cylindrical shafts or columns of pale red arenaceous rock, separated by flanges and by high-rise balconies, carried on Muqarnas corbels. The fourth column is of marble, and is comparatively plain. The fifth is of marble and arenaceous rock. The flanges area unit a darker red arenaceous rock throughout, and area unit carved  with Quranic texts and ornamental parts. the complete tower contains a spiral stairway of 379 steps. At the foot of the tower is that the Quwwat ul Islam masjid. The minar tilts simply over sixty five cm from the vertical, that is taken into account to be among safe limits, though consultants have expressed that observance is required just in case fresh water ooze any weakens the inspiration.

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