JOG FALLS
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| JOG FALLS |
Jog Falls, Gerosoppa Falls or Joga Falls is that the second highest plunge body of water in India settled close to Sagara taluk, Shimoga district within the state of state. it's a segmental body of water that, looking on rain and season, becomes a plunge body of water. The falls area unit a serious holidaymaker attraction and is hierarchical thirteenth within the world by the body of water info. they're additionally referred to as the Gersoppa Falls or Jogada Gundi. The falls area unit settled on the Uttara Kanarese and Sagara border.Jog Falls is formed by the Sharavathi watercourse dropping 253 m (830 ft), creating it the second-highest plunge body of water in India when the Nohkalikai Falls with a drop of 335 m (1100 ft) in Meghalaya. Sharavathi, a watercourse that rises at Ambutirtha, next to Nonabur, within the Thirthahalli taluk and takes the northwesterly course by Fatte petta, receives the Haridravati on the proper below Pattaguppe and also the Yenne Hole on the left on top of Barangi. On inward at the frontier it bends to the west, precipitates itself down the Falls of Gersoppa, and passes that village (properly Geru-Sappe), that is a few twenty nine kilometres (18 mi) distant, discharging into the ocean at Honnavar in North geographical area.
The Sharavati, flowing over a awfully rocky bed concerning 250 yards (230 m) wide, here reaches an incredible gap, 290 m (960 ft) deep, and also the water comes down in four distinct falls. The Raja Fall pours in one unbroken column sheer to the depth of 830 foot (250 m). Halfway down it's encountered by the screamer, another fall, that precipitates itself into a massive cup then rushes violently downwardly at AN angle of forty-five degrees to fulfill the Raja. a 3rd fall, the Rocket, shoots downwardly in a very series of jets; whereas the fourth, the Rani, moves quietly over the mountain aspect in a very sheet of froth. The business Department has engineered steps from the perspective to rock bottom of Capitol Hill wherever the body of water will be seen at the alternative aspect. There area unit some 1400 steps engineered to achieve rock bottom of Capitol Hill. A Rock climber: Jyothi rule has scaled the jog falls. Joga may be a Kanarese acceptation falls. several Kanarese speakers close to Sahyadri Mountains like in Yellapura region still use the word Joga to mean falls.
The word Joga is also associated with or a by-product of Kanarese word javugu which suggests marsh (wet). related to the body of water is that the near Linganmakki Dam across watercourse Sharavathi. the facility station has been operational since 1948 and is of a hundred and twenty MW capability, one among the biggest electricity stations in India at that point and alittle supply of electrical power for state currently. the facility station was antecedently named Krishna Rajendra hydro-electric project, when the King of Mysore at that point. The name was later modified to nationalist leader Hydro-electric Project. it had been served by Hirebhaskara dam till 1960. After 1960, owing to the ideas of Sir M. Visvesvarayya, Linganmakki Dam has been used for power generation. For additional data check the Jogfalls official web site. Before the onset of monsoon season, once there's not abundant water within the Linganmakki dam, the Jog Falls area unit a combine of skinny streams of water trickling down the formation, because the water collected within the dam is completely for generation of electricity; throughout monsoons native rain water is that the supply of water to the falls.The hydro-electric project was formed by the govt of Mysore in mid-1943. A theme to come up with sixty four,000 H.P. at a price of 358 100000 was designed. The capability was inflated afterward and presently generates half-dozen.7 MW of power.
AKSHARDHAM
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| AKSHARDHAM |
Akshardham or Swaminarayan Akshardham advanced may be a Hindu mandir, and a spiritual-cultural field in Indian capital, India. additionally observed as Akshardham Temple or Swaminarayan Akshardham, the advanced displays millennia of ancient Hindu and Indian culture, spirituality, and design. The temple, that attracts roughly seventy p.c of all tourists United Nations agency visit city, was formally opened on vi Nov 2005 by Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam. It sits close to the banks of the Yamuna adjacent to the 2010 Commonwealth Games village in japanese Indian capital. The temple, at the centre of the advanced, was designed per the Vastu shastra and Pancharatra shastra. The advanced options Associate in Nursing Abhisheka Mandap, Sahaj Anand water show, a thematic garden and 3 exhibitions particularly Sahajanand Darshan , Neelkanth Darshan (an IMAX film on the first lifetime of Swaminarayan because the adolescent yogi, Neelkanth), and Sanskruti Darshan (cultural boat ride). per Swaminarayan Hinduism, the word Akshardham suggests that the abode of almighty Lord Swaminarayan and believed by followers as a temporal home of God on earth. the most attraction of the Swaminarayan Akshardham advanced is that the Akshardham Mandir. It rises 141-foot (43 m) high, spans 316-foot (96 m) wide, and extends 356-foot (109 m) long. it's in an elaborate way graven with flora, fauna, dancers, musicians, and deities. Designed in accordance with the standards of Maharishi Vastu design, it options a mix of branch of knowledge designs across India. it's entirely made from Rajasthani pink arenaceous rock and Italian Carrara marble. Supported ancient Hindu branch of knowledge tips (Shilpa shastras) on most temple life, it makes no use of metallic element metal.
Thus, it's no support from steel or concrete. The mandir additionally consists of 234 ornately graven pillars, nine domes, and 20,000 murtis of sadhus, devotees, and acharyas. The mandir additionally options the Gajendra Pith at its base, a pedestal paying tribute to the elephant for its importance in Hindu culture and India's history. It contains 148 life sized elephants in total deliberation a complete of 3000 tons. below the temple's central dome lies the 11-foot (3.4m) high murti of Swaminarayan sitting in abhayamudra to whom the temple is devoted. Swaminarayan is encircled by pictures of the faith's lineage of Gurus portrayed either in a very pious posture or in a very posture of service. every murti is created of paanch dhaatu or 5 metals in accordance to Hindu tradition. The temple additionally homes the murtis of mythical being Ram, Radha Krishna, knife Parvati, and Lakshmi Narayan. The building had been planned since 1968 as a vision of Yogiji Maharaj. Yogiji Maharaj, the non secular head of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sanstha at the time, expressed his need for wanting a grand temple designed on the banks of the Yamuna watercourse to 2 or 3 fan families of Swaminarayan that resided in Indian capital at the time. tries were created to start out the project, but very little progress was created. In 1971, Yogiji Maharaj died. In 1982, Pramukh Hindu Maharaj, Yogiji Maharaj's successor because the non secular head of BAPS, began to continue fulfilling the dream of his guru Yogiji Maharaj and prompted devotees to appear into the likelihood of building the temple in city.
letter of invitation for the set up was imply to the city Development Authority (DDA), and a number of other totally different places were instructed, together with Ghaziabad, Gurgaon, and Faridabad. Pramukh Hindu Maharaj stood firm in following the desires of Yogiji Maharaj to make a temple on the Yamuna. In Apr 2000, once eighteen years, the city Development Authority offered sixty acres (240,000 m2) of land, and also the state Government offered thirty acres (120,000 m2) for the project. Upon receiving the land, Pramukh Hindu Maharaj performed puja on the positioning for achievement within the project. Construction on the temple began on eight Nov 2000 and Akshardham was formally opened on vi Nov 2005, with the building being completed in 2 days in need of 5 years. Associate in Nursing modification to the govt of India's surroundings Impact Assessment Notification of 1994 was created in 2004, that needed that environmental clearance be granted to any parcel of land that falls below the Yamuna field before starting any construction activities. Since Akshardham commenced construction activities in 2000, before the enactment of this modification, it failed to apply to Akshardham. but bound NGOs and activists felt that the temple was made while not getting the mandatory environmental clearances.
On January 2005, the U.P. workers Federation bestowed their case before the Supreme Court of India that the temple had not obtained necessary surroundingsal clearances which it might be harmful to the environment. once hearing the case, the Supreme Court determined that within the construction of Akshardham, all the Land Use Plans had been adhered to and clearance of knowledgeable bodies just like the Central Water Commission and also the National surroundings Engineering analysis Institute has been obtained. Thus, the Supreme Court dominated that the Akshardham construction was lawful and failed to violate environmental norms. Despite this ruling, some activists and politicians continuing to say that the Akshardham construction was felonious and display a threat to the Yamuna watercourse floodplains. in a very 2009 ruling on a connected issue, the Supreme Court any processed that it rejected as false the assertions that Akshardham failed to have environmental permissions and was harmful to the Yamuna river bottom. It reiterated its earlier 2005 Ruling that Akshardham had received all necessary environmental permissions from Central Water Commission and NEERI, that is Associate in Nursing autonomous body, which the Akshardham website wasn't placed on the Yamuna “riverbed” or “floodplain”, however 1700 meters far from the Yamuna watercourse bank.
HOWRAH BRIDGE
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| HOWRAH BRIDGE |
Howrah Bridge may be a propped bridge with a suspended span over the Hooghly stream in West Bengal, India. Commissioned in 1943, the bridge was originally named the New Howrah Bridge, as a result of it replaced a bridge at identical location linking the 2 cities of Howrah and Calcutta (Calcutta). On fourteen June 1965 it absolutely was renamed Rabindra Setu when the nice Bengali writer Rabindranath Tagore, UN agency was the primary Indian and Asian Nobel Laureate. it's still popularly called the Howrah Bridge. The bridge is one in all four on the Hooghly stream and may be a famed image of Calcutta and West Bengal. the opposite bridges square measure the Vidyasagar Setu (popularly known as the Second Hooghly Bridge), the Vivekananda Setu, and therefore the freshly designed Nivedita Setu. It weathers the storms of the Bay of geographical area region, carrying a daily traffic of approximately 100,000 vehicles and possibly more than 150,000 pedestrians, easily making it the busiest cantilever bridge in the world.
The third-longest cantilever bridge at the time of its construction, the Howrah Bridge is currently the sixth-longest bridge of its type in the world. In 1862, the Government of Bengal asked George Turnbull, Chief Engineer of the East India Railway Company to study the feasibility of bridging the Hooghly River — he had recently established the company's rail terminus in Howrah. He reported on 29 March with large-scale drawings and estimates that: The foundations for a bridge at Calcutta would be at a considerable depth and cost because of the depth of the mud there. The impediment to shipping would be considerable. A good place for the bridge was at Pulta Ghat "about a dozen miles north of Calcutta" where a "bed of stiff clay existed at no great depth under the river bed". A suspended-girder bridge of five spans of 400 feet and two spans of 200 feet would be ideal. The bridge was not built. In view of the increasing traffic across the Hooghly river, a committee was appointed in 1855-56 to review alternatives for constructing a bridge across it. The plan was shelved in 1859-60, to be revived in 1868, when it was decided that a bridge should be constructed and a newly appointed trust vested to manage it. The Calcutta Port Trust was founded in 1870,and the Legislative department of the then Government of Bengal passed the Howrah Bridge Act in the year 1871 under the Bengal Act IX of 1871, empowering the Lieutenant-Governor to have the bridge constructed with Government capital under the aegis of the Port Commissioners.
The Howrah Bridge Act of 1871 Eventually a contract was signed with Sir Bradford Leslie to construct a pontoon bridge. Different parts were constructed in England and shipped to Calcutta, where they were assembled. The assembling period was fraught with problems. The bridge was considerably damaged by the great cyclone on 20 March 1874. A steamer named Egeria broke from her moorings and collided head-on with the bridge, sinking three pontoons and damaging nearly 200 feet of the bridge. The bridge was completed in 1874, at a total cost of ₹2.2 million, and opened to traffic on 17 October of that year. The bridge was then 1528 ft. long and 62 ft. wide, with 7-foot wide pavements on either aspect. ab initio the bridge was sporadically unfastened to permit steamers and alternative marine vehicles to submit to. Before 1906, the bridge accustomed be undone for the passage of vessels throughout daytime solely. Since June of that year it started gap at the hours of darkness for all vessels except ocean steamers, that were needed to submit to throughout daytime. From nineteen August 1879, the bridge was light by electrical lamp-posts, supercharged by the generator at the Mullick stairway pump house. because the bridge couldn't handle the quickly increasing load, the Port Commissioners started coming up with in 1905 for a replacement improved bridge.
NALANDA
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| NALANDA |
Nalanda (IAST: Nālandā; /naːlən̪d̪aː/) was AN acclaimed Mahavihara, an oversized Buddhist religious residence within the ancient kingdom of Magadha (modern-day Bihar) in India. the location is found regarding ninety five kilometres (59 mi) southeast of Patna close to the city of province Sharif, and was a centre of learning from the seventh century BCE to c. 1200 CE. :149 it's a UNESCO World Heritage website The extremely formalized strategies of religious writing learning helped inspire the institution of enormous teaching establishments like Taxila, Nalanda, and Vikramashila that ar typically characterized as India's early universities.:148:174:43:119 Nalanda flourished underneath the patronage of the Gupta Empire within the fifth and sixth centuries and later underneath Harsha, the emperor of Kannauj. :329 The liberal cultural traditions familial from the Gupta age resulted in an exceedingly amount of growth and prosperity till the ninth century. the next centuries were a time of gradual decline, a amount throughout that the Buddhism developments of Buddhism became most pronounced in jap India underneath the Pala Empire. :344 At its peak, the varsity attracted students and students from close to and much with some move all the manner from Sitsang, China, Korea, and Central Asia. :169 archaeologic proof additionally notes contact with the Shailendra family of Indonesia, one amongst whose kings engineered a religious residence within the advanced. a lot of of our information of Nalanda comes from the writings of pilgrim monks from East Asia like Xuanzang and Yijing World Health Organization traveled to the Mahavihara within the seventh century.
Vincent Smith remarked that "a elaborated history of Nalanda would be a history of Mahayanist Buddhism". several of the names listed by Xuanzang in his travelog as merchandise of Nalanda ar the names of these World Health Organization developed the philosophy of Mahayana. :334 All students at Nalanda studied Mahayana further because the texts of the eighteen (Hinayana) sects of Buddhism. Their syllabus additionally enclosed different subjects like the Vedas, logic, Indo-Aryan descriptive linguistics, drugs and Samkhya. :332–333 Nalanda was terribly probably plundered and destroyed by a military of the Mamluk family of the Muslim Delhi land underneath Bakhtiyar Khilji in c. 1200 CE. whereas some sources note that the Mahavihara continued to perform in an exceedingly makeshift fashion for a moment longer, it absolutely was eventually abandoned and forgotten till the nineteenth century once the location was surveyed and preliminary excavations were conducted by the archaeologic Survey of India. Systematic excavations commenced in 1915 that unearthed eleven monasteries and 6 brick temples showing neatness organized on grounds twelve hectares (30 acres) in space. A hoarded wealth of sculptures, coins, seals, and inscriptions have additionally been discovered within the ruins several of that ar on show within the Nalanda archaeologic repository located near .
Nalanda is currently a notable traveler destination and a region of the Buddhist business enterprise circuit. variety of theories exist regarding the etymology of the name, Nālandā. per the Tang dynasty Chinese pilgrim, Xuanzang, it comes from sodium al,lllam dā which means without stopping in gifts or charity while not intermission. Yijing, another Chinese person, however, derives it from Nāga Nanda pertaining to the name (Nanda) of a snake (naga) within the native tank. :3 Hiranand Sastri, AN archeologist World Health Organization headed the excavation of the ruins, attributes the name to the abundance of nālas (lotus-stalks) within the space and believes that Nalanda would then represent the giver of lotus-stalks. Nalanda was at first a prosperous village by a significant trade route that ran through the near town of Rajagriha (modern Rajgir) that was then the capital of Magadha. it's same that the Jainist thirthankara, Mahavira, spent fourteen rainy seasons at Nalanda. Siddhartha too is alleged to own delivered lectures in an exceedingly near mango grove named Pavarika and one amongst his 2 chief disciples, Shariputra, was born within the space and later earned nirvana there. :148:328 This ancient association with Mahavira and Buddha tenuously dates the existence of the village to a minimum of the 5th–6th century BCE.
The Sharavati, flowing over a awfully rocky bed concerning 250 yards (230 m) wide, here reaches an incredible gap, 290 m (960 ft) deep, and also the water comes down in four distinct falls. The Raja Fall pours in one unbroken column sheer to the depth of 830 foot (250 m). Halfway down it's encountered by the screamer, another fall, that precipitates itself into a massive cup then rushes violently downwardly at AN angle of forty-five degrees to fulfill the Raja. a 3rd fall, the Rocket, shoots downwardly in a very series of jets; whereas the fourth, the Rani, moves quietly over the mountain aspect in a very sheet of froth. The business Department has engineered steps from the perspective to rock bottom of Capitol Hill wherever the body of water will be seen at the alternative aspect. There area unit some 1400 steps engineered to achieve rock bottom of Capitol Hill. A Rock climber: Jyothi rule has scaled the jog falls. Joga may be a Kanarese acceptation falls. several Kanarese speakers close to Sahyadri Mountains like in Yellapura region still use the word Joga to mean falls.
The word Joga is also associated with or a by-product of Kanarese word javugu which suggests marsh (wet). related to the body of water is that the near Linganmakki Dam across watercourse Sharavathi. the facility station has been operational since 1948 and is of a hundred and twenty MW capability, one among the biggest electricity stations in India at that point and alittle supply of electrical power for state currently. the facility station was antecedently named Krishna Rajendra hydro-electric project, when the King of Mysore at that point. The name was later modified to nationalist leader Hydro-electric Project. it had been served by Hirebhaskara dam till 1960. After 1960, owing to the ideas of Sir M. Visvesvarayya, Linganmakki Dam has been used for power generation. For additional data check the Jogfalls official web site. Before the onset of monsoon season, once there's not abundant water within the Linganmakki dam, the Jog Falls area unit a combine of skinny streams of water trickling down the formation, because the water collected within the dam is completely for generation of electricity; throughout monsoons native rain water is that the supply of water to the falls.The hydro-electric project was formed by the govt of Mysore in mid-1943. A theme to come up with sixty four,000 H.P. at a price of 358 100000 was designed. The capability was inflated afterward and presently generates half-dozen.7 MW of power.
