GWALIOR FORT
GWALIOR FORT
Gwalior Fort (Hindi: ग्वालियर क़िला Gwalior Qila) is associate degree 8th-century hill fort close to Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, central India. The fort consists of a structure and 2 main palaces, Gujari Mahal and Man Mandir, engineered by Man Singh Tomar. The fort has been controlled by variety of various rulers in its history. The Gujari Mahal palace was engineered for Queen Mrignayani. it's currently associate degree archeologic repository. The oldest record of "zero" within the world was found in an exceedingly little temple, that is found on the thanks to the highest. The inscription is around 1500 years previous.The word Gwalior comes from one in every of the Hindu words for saint, Gwalipa.The fort is constructed on associate degree outcrop of Vindhyan arenaceous rock on a solitary rocky hill known as Gopachal. This feature is long, thin, and steep. The geology of the Gwalior range rock formations is ochre coloured sandstone covered with basalt. There is a horizontal stratum, 342 feet (104 m) at its highest point (length 1.5 miles (2.4 km) and average width 1,000 yards (910 m)). The stratum forms a near-perpendicular precipice.
A small river, the Swarnrekha, flows close to the palace.The exact period of Gwalior Fort's construction is not certain. According a local legend, the fort was built by a local king named Suraj Sen in 3 CE. He was cured of leprosy, when a sage named Gwalipa offered him the water from a sacred pond, which now lies within the fort. The grateful king constructed a fort, and named it once the sage. The sage given the title Pal ("protector") upon the king, and told him that the fort would stay in his family's possession, as long as they bear this title. eighty three descendants of Suraj subunit Pal controlled the fort, however the 84th, named Tej Karan, lost it.Historical records prove that the fort positively existed within the tenth century. The inscriptions and monuments found inside what's currently the fort field indicate that it's going to have existed as early because the starting of the sixth century. A Gwalior inscription describes a sun temple engineered throughout the reign of the Huna emperor Mihirakula in sixth century. The Teli Hindu deity Mandir, currently placed inside the fort, was engineered by the Gurjara-Pratiharas within the ninth century.The Kachchhapaghatas controlled the fort in tenth century, likely as feudatories of the Chandelas.
From eleventh century ahead, the Muslim dynasties attacked the fort several times. In 1022 CE, Mahmud of Ghazni besieged the fort for four days. According to Tabaqat-i-Akbari, he lifted the siege after in return for a tribute of 35 elephants. The Ghurid general Qutb al-Din Aibak, who later became a ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, captured the fort in 1196 after a long siege. The Delhi Sultanate lost the fort for a short period, before it was recaptured by Iltumish in 1232 CE.In 1398, the fort came under the control of the Tomar Rajputs. The most distinguished of the Tomar rulers was Maan Singh, who commissioned several monuments within the fort. The Delhi Sultan Sikander Lodi tried to capture the fort in 1505, but was unsuccessful. Another attack, by his son Ibrahim Lodi in 1516, resulted in Maan Singh's death. The Tomars ultimately surrendered the fort to the Delhi Sultanate after a year-long siege.Within a decade, the Mughal emperor Babur captured the fort from the Delhi Sultanate. The Mughals lost the fort to Sher Shah Suri in 1542, but Babur's grandson Akbar recaptured it in 1558. Akbar made the fort a prison for political prisoners. For example, Kamran, Akbar's cousin was held and executed at the fort. Aurangzeb's brother, Murad and nephews Suleman and Sepher Shikoh were also executed at the fort.
The killings took place in the Man Madir palace.After the death of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, the Rana chieftains of Gohad held the Gwalior Fort. The Maratha general Mahadaji Shinde (Scindia) captured the fort from the Gohad Rana Chhatar Singh, but soon lost it to the British East India Company. On August 3, 1780, a Company force under Captains Popham and Bruce captured the fort in a daring nighttime raid, scaling the walls with 12 grenadiers and 30 sepoys. either side suffered fewer than twenty wounded total.(p69) In 1780, a people governor Warren Hastings rehabilitated the fort to the Ranas of Gohad. The Marathas recaptured the fort four years later, and this point a people failed to intervene as a result of the Ranas of Gohad had become hostile to them. Daulat Rao Sindhia lost the fort to a people throughout the Second Anglo-Maratha War.
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